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| madrascoffee.com | Steam powered vehicles | Internal combustion engine | Innovation | Alternative fuel cars | Current Production | Future of the car | Infrastructure and Alternatives |
Innovation
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The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to
Oliver Evans in 1789; in 1804 Evans demonstrated his first
successful self-propelled vehicle, which not only was the first
automobile in the US but was also the first amphibious vehicle, as
his steam-powered vehicle was able to travel on wheels on land and
via a paddle wheel in the water. In 1888, a major breakthrough came with the historic drive of Bertha Benz. She drove an automobile her husband Karl Benz had built in 1885 and patented in 1886 for a distance of 106 km or fifty miles. |
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On 5 November 1895, George B. Selden was granted a United States
patent for a two-stroke automobile engine (U.S. Patent 549160). This
patent did more to hinder than encourage development of autos in the
USA. Steam, electric, and gasoline powered autos competed for
decades, with gasoline internal combustion engines achieving
dominance in the 1910s. The large-scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted by Oldsmobile in 1902, then greatly expanded by Henry Ford in the 1910s. Development of automotive technology was rapid, due in part to the hundreds of small manufacturers competing to gain the world's attention. Key developments included electric ignition and the electric self-starter (both by Charles Kettering, for the Cadillac Motor Company in 1910-1911), independent suspension, and four-wheel brakes. Model changeover and design changeCars are not merely continually perfected mechanical contrivances; since the 1920s nearly all have been mass-produced to meet a market, so marketing plans and manufacture to meet them have often dominated automobile design. It was Alfred P. Sloan who established the idea of different makes of cars produced by one firm, so that buyers could "move up" as their fortunes improved. The makes shared parts with one another so that the larger production volume resulted in lower costs for each price range. For example, in the 1950s, Chevrolet shared hood, doors, roof, and windows with Pontiac; the LaSalle of the 1930s, sold by Cadillac, used the cheaper mechanical parts made by the Oldsmobile division.. |
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| madrascoffee.com | Steam powered vehicles | Internal combustion engine | Innovation | Alternative fuel cars | Current Production | Future of the car | Infrastructure and Alternatives |