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| madrascoffee.com | Steam powered vehicles | Internal combustion engine | Innovation | Alternative fuel cars | Current Production | Future of the car | Infrastructure and Alternatives |
Infrastructure and Alternatives
Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII)Is an initiative fostering research and applications development
for a series of technologies directly linking road vehicles to their
physical surroundings, first and foremost in order to improve road
safety. The technology draws on several disciplines, including
transport engineering, electrical engineering, automotive
engineering, and computer science. VII specifically covers road
transport although similar technologies are in place or under
development for other modes of transport. Planes, for example, use
ground-based beacons for automated guidance, allowing the autopilot
to fly the plane without human intervention. In highway engineering,
improving the safety of a roadway can diminish overall efficiency.
VII targets improvements in both safety and efficiency. |
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It is based on widespread deployment of a dedicated short-range
communications (DSRC) link, incorporating IEEE 802.11p. VII's
development relies on a business model supporting the interests of
all parties concerned: industry, transportation authorities and
professional organisations. The initiative has three priorities: evaluation of the business model (including deployment scheduling) and acceptance by the stakeholders; validation of the technology (in particular the communications systems) in the light of deployment costs; and development of legal structures and policies (particularly in regard to privacy) to enhance the system's potential for success over the longer term. Alternatives to the automobileEstablished alternatives for some aspects of automobile use include public transit (buses, trolleybuses, trains, subways, monorails, tramways), cycling, walking, rollerblading and skateboarding.Car-share arrangements are also increasingly popular – the U.S. market leader has experienced double-digit growth in revenue and membership growth between 2006 and 2007, offering a service that enables urban residents to "share" a vehicle rather than own a car in already congested neighborhoods. Bike-share systems have been tried in some European cities, including Copenhagen and Amsterdam. Similar programs have been experimented with in a number of U.S. Cities. An emerging alternative is personal rapid transit, in which small, automated vehicles would run on special elevated tracks spaced within walking distance throughout a city, and could provide direct service to a chosen station without stops. Another possibility is new forms of personal transport such as segway, which could serve as an alternative to automobiles and bicycles if they prove to be socially accepted. All of these alternative modes of transport pollute less than the conventional (petroleum) car and contributes to transport sustainability. They also provide other significant benefits such as reduced traffic-related injuries and fatalities, reduced space requirements, both for parking and driving, reduced resource usage and pollution related to both production and driving, increased social inclusion, increased economic and social equity, and more livable streets and cities. Some alternative modes of transportation, especially cycling, also provide regular, low-impact exercise, tailored to the needs of human bodies. Public transport is also linked to increased exercise, because they are combined in a multi-modal transport chain that includes walking or cycling. The benefits of possible future car technologies, not yet in widespread use, like zero-emissions vehicles over these alternatives, would be: Increased mobility in rural settings and in some other areas where traffic jams are not severe Possibly higher social status Overall a better provision for privacy Profit for the multinational firms producing cars, and possibly for their employees |
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